The effects of PN sequences on the misconvergence of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA)
R.A. Axford, L.B. Milstein, J.R. Zeidler · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · 1998
The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) can misconverge when the received two-dimensional (2-D) signal is derived from encoding a binary PN sequence. The distortion of the probabilistic symmetry of the transmitted constellation can be controlled by careful selection of the underlying binary PN sequence, thereby influencing the convergence behavior of CMA.