Real‐time smoke simulation with improved turbulence by spatial adaptive vorticity confinement
Shengfeng He, Hon‐Cheng Wong, Wai‐Man Pang, Un‐Hong Wong · Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds · 2011
Abstract Turbulence modeling has recently drawn many attentions in fluid animation to generate small‐scale rolling features. Being one of the widely adopted approaches, vorticity confinement method re‐injects lost energy dissipation back to the flow. However, previous works suffer from deficiency when large vorticity coefficientεis used, due to the fact that constantεis applied all over the simulated domain. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to enhance the visual effect by employing an adaptive vorticity confinement which varies the strength with respect to the helicity instead of a user‐defined constant. To further improve fine details in turbulent flows, we are not only applying our proposed vorticity confinement to low‐resolution grid, but also on a finer grid to generate sub‐grid level turbulence. Since the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved only in low‐resolution grid, this saves a significant amount of computation. Several experiments demonstrate that our method can produce realistic smoke animation with enhanced turbulence effects in real‐time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.