A Study of Rounding Error on CDMA-Based Fingerprinting Scheme
Minoru Kuribayashi, Hiroshi Kato, Masakatu Morii · 2009
On the spread spectrum fingerprinting, it has been considered that the energy of embedded signal is dropped to 1/c of its original value when c copies are averaged. In this study, we analyze the effects of rounding error occurred at the embedding and averaging. The truncation of the number of decimals causes non-linear changes on the frequency components of fingerprint sequence. We estimate the actual attenuation factor through our simulation, and provide the best and worst case. In order to avoid the worst case, the countermeasure is proposed in this paper.