An all-IP approach for UMTS third-generation mobile networks
Yi-Bing Lin, Ai‐Chun Pang, Yieh‐Ran Haung, Imrich Chlamtac · IEEE Network · 2002
This article describes the UMTS all-IP approach for third-generation mobile systems, with emphasis on the core network architecture. Following the introduction of the core network nodes, we elaborate on application-level registration, circuit-switched call origination, packet-switched call origination, and packet-switched call termination.