Sperry Rand's third-generation computers 1964-1980
Geoffrey Gray, R.Q. Smith · IEEE Annals of the History of Computing · 2001
The change from transistors to integrated circuits in the mid-1960s marked the beginning of third-generation computers. A late entrant (1962) in the general-purpose transistor computer market, Sperry Rand Corporation moved quickly to produce computers using ICs. The Univac 1108's success (1965) reversed the company's declining fortunes in the large-scale arena, while the 9000 series upheld its market share in smaller computers. Sperry Rand failed to develop a successful minicomputer and, faced with IBM's dominant market position by the end of the 1970s, struggled to maintain its position in the computer industry.