Quantum Tomography for Measuring Experimentally the Matrix Elements of an Arbitrary Quantum Operation
Giacomo Mauro D’Ariano, Paoloplacido Lo Presti · Physical Review Letters · 2001
Quantum operations describe any state change allowed in quantum mechanics, including the evolution of an open system or the state change due to a measurement. We present a general method based on quantum tomography for measuring experimentally the matrix elements of an arbitrary quantum operation. As input the method needs only a single entangled state. The feasibility of the technique for the electromagnetic field is shown, and the experimental setup is illustrated based on homodyne tomography of a twin beam.