The evolution of French repeaterless submarine systems
R. Boirat, R. Jocteur, J. Thiennot · 2003
The state of the art of French repeaterless lightwave submarine systems, using commercially available technologies and components, is reviewed. The French industry offers repeaterless links at 140 Mb/s on distances up to 200 km with the working and maintenance margins required for long-distance repeatered systems. These systems, based on direct detection, will be ready for service in 1990. The French policy for the coming years, which will take advantage of the development of new components and technologies, is presented. The techniques of optical amplification used in direct or coherent detection systems seem to be the best means to cover distances longer than 200 km.>