SIGNATURE VERIFICATION USING A “SIAMESE” TIME DELAY NEURAL NETWORK
Jane M. Bromley, JAMES W. BENTZ, Léon Bottou, Isabelle Guyon, Yann LeCun, CLIFF MOORE, Eduard Säckinger, ROOPAK SHAH · Series in machine perception and artificial intelligence · 1994
This paper describes an algorithm for verification of signatures written on a pen-input tablet. The algorithm is based on a novel, artificial neural network, called a "Siamese" neural network. This network consists of two identical sub-networks joined at their outputs. During training the two sub-networks extract features from two signatures, while the joining neuron measures the distance between the two feature vectors. Verification consists of comparing an extracted feature vector with a stored feature vector for the signer. Signatures closer to this stored representation than a chosen threshold are excepted, all other signatures are rejected as forgeries.