Reliability modeling of hardware/software systems
Stephen R. Welke, Barry W. Johnson, J.H. Aylor · IEEE Transactions on Reliability · 1995
This paper uses a single model to analyze the effects of both hardware and software on system reliability. A unified model of hardware and software reliability is developed using Markov modeling. Then the effect of hardware and software failures is studied using the model. The model incorporates concepts from both hardware and software reliability modeling. Examples of both simplex (nonredundant) and redundant architectures are analyzed using the model.>