Two SAS Macros for Differential Item Functioning Analysis
Shiqi Hao · Applied Psychological Measurement · 2013
Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis has been widely used in large-scale assessments and/or commercial and industry produced assessments. Given the fact that DIF analysis has been a routine procedure in item analysis and test validity/fairness analysis, several pieces of DIF software and programs have appeared such as EASY-DIF (Gonzalez, Padilla, Hidalgo, Gomez-Benito, & Benitez, 2011), EZ-DIF (Waller, 1998), DIFAS (Penfield, 2005), and MHDIF (Fidalgo, 1994). To cater for the needs of populous SAS users, two SAS macros (DIF_MC and DIF_Poly) have been developed.