V-braille
Chandrika Jayant, Christine Acuario, William W. Johnson, Janet Hollier, Richard E. Ladner · 2010
V-Braille is a novel way to haptically represent Braille characters on a standard mobile phone using the touch-screen and vibration. V-Braille may be suitable for deaf-blind people who rely primarily on their tactile sense. A preliminary study with deaf-blind Braille users found that, with minimal training, V-Braille can be used to read individual characters and sentences.