Effects of Model-Based and Memory-Based Processing on Speed and Accuracy of Grammar String Generation.
Thomas J. Domangue, Robert C. Mathews, Ron Sun, Lewis G. Roussel, Claire E. Guidry · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · 2004
Learners are able to use 2 different types of knowledge to perform a skill. One type is a conscious mental model, and the other is based on memories of instances. The authors conducted 3 experiments that manipulated training conditions designed to affect the availability of 1 or both types of knowledge about an artificial grammar. Participants were tested for both speed and accuracy of their ability to generate letter sequences. Results indicate that model-based training leads to slow accurate responding. Memory-based training leads to fast, less accurate responding and highest achievement when perfect accuracy was not required. Evidence supports participants' preference for using the memory-based mode when exposed to both types of training. Finally, the accuracy contributed by model-based training declined over a retention interval.