A maximum entropy language model integrating N-grams and topic dependencies for conversational speech recognition
Sanjeev P. Khudanpur, Wu Jun · 1999
A compact language model which incorporates local dependencies in the form of N-grams and long distance dependencies through dynamic topic conditional constraints is presented. These constraints are integrated using the maximum entropy principle. Issues in assigning a topic to a test utterance are investigated. Recognition results on the Switchboard corpus are presented showing that with a very small increase in the number of model parameters, reduction in word error rate and language model perplexity are achieved over trigram models. Some analysis follows, demonstrating that the gains are even larger on content-bearing words. The results are compared with those obtained by interpolating topicindependent and topic-specific N-gram models. The framework presented here extends easily to incorporate other forms of statistical dependencies such as syntactic word-pair relationships or hierarchical topic constraints. 1. INTRODUCTION Language modeling is a crucial component of systems that c...