Speaker Verification Using Narrow-band Envelope Correlation Matrices
Satoru Gotoh, Michiko Kazama, M. Tohyama, Y. Yamasaki · 2006
We confirmed that a speaker's vocal individuality is contained in the inter-band correlations of narrow-band (1/4 or 1/8 octave bands) temporal envelopes. Two types of envelope correlation matrices (ECMs) were made for 53 speakers, using three utterances of an identical sentence (assuming a situation where a password for verification was stolen) so that any differences in the spoken contents might not greatly influence their individuality. Type-A (reference) ECMs of two of the utterances were constructed to make a speaker's individual template, and a type-B ECM was constructed using the other utterance. Speaker matching tests between the two types of ECMs, based on Gaussian mixture model (GMM) matching scores, verified the validity of the individual speakers. In particular, a speaker's voice could be verified using spoken materials through the telephone band (250 Hz 3 kHz), a high frequency range (2- 11.3 kHz), or a wide frequency range (250 Hz - 11.3 kHz)