Shannon's formula and Hartley's rule: A mathematical coincidence?
Olivier Rioul, José Carlos Magossi · AIP conference proceedings · 2015
Shannon's formula C = 12log(1+P/N) is the emblematic expression for the information capacity of a communication channel. Hartley's name is often associated with it, owing to Hartley's rule: counting the highest possible number of distinguishable values for a given amplitude A and precision ±Δ yields a similar expression C′ = log(1+A/Δ). In the information theory community, the following "historical" statements are generally well accepted: (1) Hartley put forth his rule twenty years before Shannon; (2) Shannon's formula as a fundamental tradeoff between transmission rate, bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio came unexpected in 1948; (3) Hartley's rule is an imprecise relation while Shannon's formula is exact; (4) Hartley's expression is not an appropriate formula for the capacity of a communication channel. We show that all these four statements are questionable, if not wrong.