Xprobe2++: Low volume remote network information gathering tool
Fedor V. Yarochkin, Ofir Arkin, Meder Kydyraliev, Shih‐Yao Dai, Yennun Huang, Sy‐Yen Kuo · 2009
Active operating system fingerprinting is the process of actively determining a target network system's underlying operating system type and characteristics by probing the target system network stack with specifically crafted packets and analyzing received response. Identifying the underlying operating system of a network host is an important characteristic that can be used to complement network inventory processes, intrusion detection system discovery mechanisms, security network scanners, vulnerability analysis systems and other security tools that need to evaluate vulnerabilities on remote network systems.