Bounded-depth Frege lower bounds for weaker pigeonhole principles
Joshua Buresh-Oppenheim, Paul W. Beame, Toniann Pitassi, Ran Raz, Ashish Sabharwal · 2003
We prove a quasi-polynomial lower bound on the size of bounded-depth Frege proofs of the pigeonhole principle PHP/sub n//sup m/ where m = (1 + 1/polylog n)n. This lower bound qualitatively matches the known quasipolynomial-size bounded-depth Frege proofs for these principles. Our technique, which uses a switching lemma argument like other lower bounds for bounded-depth Frege proofs, is novel in that the tautology to which this switching lemma is applied remains random throughout the argument.