Dynamic optimization of micro-operations
Brian Slechta, David L. Crowe, N. Fahs, Michael Fertig, Gregory A. Muthler, Vivian Quek Jia Yi, Francesco Spadini, S.J. Patel, S.S. Lumetta · 2003
Inherent within complex instruction set architectures such as /spl times/86 are inefficiencies that do not exist in a simpler ISA. Modern /spl times/86 implementations decode instructions into one or more micro-operations in order to deal with the complexity of the ISA. Since these micro-operations are not visible to the compiler the stream of micro-operations can contain redundancies even in statically optimized /spl times/86 code. Within a processor implementation, however barriers at the ISA level do not apply, and these redundancies can be removed by optimizing the micro-operation stream. In this paper we explore the opportunities to optimize code at the micro-operation granularity. We execute these micro-operation optimizations using the rePLay Framework as a microarchitectural substrate. Using a simple set of seven optimizations, including two that aggressively and speculatively attempt to remove redundant load instructions, we examine the effects of dynamic optimization of micro-operations using a trace-driven simulation environment. Simulation reveals that across a sampling of SPECint 2000 and real /spl times/86 applications, rePLay is able to reduce micro-operation count by 21% and, in particular load micro-operation count by 22%. These reductions correspond to a boost in observed instruction-level parallelism on an 8-wide optimizing rePLay processor by 17% over a non-optimizing configuration.