A temporal desynchronization resilient video watermarking scheme based on independent component analysis
Jiande Sun, Ju Liu · 2005
Temporal synchronization is a problem that cannot be ignored in most video watermarking applications. In this paper, a video watermarking scheme is proposed to resist temporal desynchronization through a content dependent way. In this scheme, the to-be-watermarked video is first segmented into shots. And each shot is analyzed by using independent component analysis (ICA) to get its independent feature frames (IFFs). And then the watermark is embedded into these feature frames. Simulations show that this scheme is robust not only to temporal desynchronization, e.g., frame swapping, frame dropping, fps conversion, etc, but to most of the common video processing/attacks, e.g. noising, filtering, rescaling, MPEG2-4 transcoding, and intra-video collusion.