Practical averaging circuits
Donald G. Watts · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · 1965
Simple practical circuits for on-line averaging of continuous quantities are given. The paper also explains why a simple averaging circuit such as a first-order exponential lag provides good averaging in spite of the fact that its impulse response is a very poor approximation to that of the ideal finite-time averaging circuit. It is concluded that an averaging circuit should be chosen on the basis of a step response.