A Reparable 3-State Device
Charles L. Proctor, Balbir Singh · IEEE Transactions on Reliability · 1976
A device is said to have three states if it has one good state and two mutually exclusive failure modes; e.g., in one failure mode, it operates when it shouldn't, in the other it doesn't operate when it should. Some examples of such devices include a fluid flow valve, an automatic machine, and an explosive. A Markov model is developed to obtain the availability function of such a device.