Complexity in Biological Signaling Systems
Gezhi Weng, Upinder S. Bhalla, Ravi Iyengar · Science · 1999
Biological signaling pathways interact with one another to form complex networks. Complexity arises from the large number of components, many with isoforms that have partially overlapping functions; from the connections among components; and from the spatial relationship between components. The origins of the complex behavior of signaling networks and analytical approaches to deal with the emergent complexity are discussed here.