A robust digital watermarking in geometric attacks
Kyu-Tae Kim, Jin-Hyug Choi, Soo-Gil Kim, Jong-Uk Choi · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2005
We propose a new watermarking scheme that can be used to embed multiple bits and also resilient to JPEG compression and geometrical transforms such as scaling, rotation, and cropping, based on holographic watermark that allows multiple watermark recovery without original content (cover image). The holographic watermark is that Fourier transformed digital hologram, embedded into cover image in the spatial domain. The proposed method has not only increased robustness with a stronger embedding but also imperceptibility of the watermark in the evaluation process. To compare with the conventional scheme, the spread spectrum, we embedded and recovered maximum 1,024 bits that consist of binary number over PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) 39dB. And also, we computed robustness with BER (bit-error rate) corresponding the above attacks.