A three-faceted view of information systems
Giorgio De Michelis, Éric Dubois, Matthias Jarke, Florian Matthes, John Mylopoulos, Joachim W. Schmidt, CARSON C. WOO, Eric Yu · Communications of the ACM · 1998
The Three Facets of IS We envision that change-related issues for IS arise from three areas of concern-systems, group collaboration, and organization-and the interactions among them (Figure 1).We call these the three facets of IS [4].The group collaboration facet is concerned with people working on a common process (for example, handling a purchase order), or on an ad-hoc project (for example, coauthoring a report).During such collaborations, people coordinate their activities, deal with contingencies, and change their practices through discussion and learning.The nature and style of work fluctuates and is often not predictable.Some problems in this facet have been addressed in terms of personal tools and groupware that facilitate group work across temporal and spatial boundaries.