Issues in the transcription of English conversational grunts
Nigel Ward · 2000
Conversational grunts, such as uh-huh, un-hn, mm, and oh are ubiquitous in spoken English, but no satisfactory scheme for transcribing these items exists. This paper describes previous approaches, presents some facts about the phonetics of grunts, proposes a transcription scheme, and evaluates its accuracy.