Introduction and Early Use of Computers in the Finnish Retail Industry
Mikko Valorinta, Tomi Samuli Nokelainen · IEEE Annals of the History of Computing · 2011
The retail industry in Finland was at the national forefront in terms of computer adoption shortly after the Second World War. Analyzing the societal, organizational, and industry-specific preconditions and the drivers for this early adoption, both at industrial and organizational levels, helps illustrate how this development unfolded inside the four major retailing organizations in Finland from the 1950s to the late 1970s.