Semi-fragile image watermarking method based on index constrained vector quantisation
Zhe‐Ming Lu, Chunhe Liu, Dianguo Xu, Sheng-He Sun · Electronics Letters · 2003
A novel semi-fragile digital image watermarking method is presented, based on index constrained vector quantisation, which embeds the watermark information into the compressed bit streams. Simulation results show that the proposed method is robust to JPEG compression and VQ compression with high-performance codebooks but fragile to other image processing operations.