Non-loxodromic substitutions and groups in š¯‘› dimensions
Edward Burr Van Vleck Ā· Transactions of the American Mathematical Society Ā· 1922
Linear substitutions * J. W. Young in these Transactions, vol.11 (1910), p. 280, investigates the necessary and sufficient condition that a collineation ( n = 3 ) shall leave a two-dimensional chain invariant.t This result has been known for the special case in which all the elements of the determinant are real.Cf.Kowalewski, EinfĆ¼hrung in die Determinantentheorie, pp.156-158.