Blind H.264 compressed video watermarking with pattern consideration
Azadeh Mansouri, Ahmad Mahmoudi-Aznaveh, Farah Torkamani Azar · 2010
This paper proposes a new method for blind digital video watermarking in H.264 standard based on pattern consideration. The major challenging issue in designing a blind H.264 watermarking scheme is instability of the prediction modes in case of re-encoding which alters the residuals in the sequel. As a result, the blind decoding of the watermarked media is too cumbersome. In this case, most of the blind methods insert the watermark in some specific residuals. These locations are vulnerable to be identified by attackers. To overcome this problem, we analyzed the structural information of each frame and the temporal characteristics of the previous GOP in order to choose more stable locations. Another advantage of our proposed method is its ability to extract the embedded watermark rather than just to detect its presence which makes it more flexible from an application point of view.