Characterizing entanglement in qubits created with spatially correlated twin photons
Leonardo Neves, Gislayne Karen dos Santos Lima, E. J. S. Fonseca, L. Davidovich, Sebastião Pádua · Physical Review A · 2007
We characterize entanglement in two-qubit pure states encoded in transverse momenta of twin photons obtained from spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Two alternate methods are employed: (i) measurement of conditional interference patterns and (ii) measurement of the marginal probability that yields the single-photon interference pattern. Both methods are local with classical communication and rely on Schmidt decomposition of the quantum state, which is generated by letting the photons propagate through an appropriate lens system. In both cases we can obtain the concurrence either through the Schmidt coefficients in the first method or directly relating the concurrence to the visibility of the interference pattern in the second one.