The significance of voids
Sunelle Otto, H. David Politzer, John P. Preskill, Mark B. Wise · The Astrophysical Journal · 1986
The statistical significance of voids in the spatial distribution of galaxies or clusters of galaxies is studied. The probability per unit volume of finding a large void is expressed in terms of correlation functions. Numerical simulations are used to estimate the likelihood of observing a large void in the distribution of rich clusters of galaxies, assuming that rich clusters arose wherever suitably averaged primordial density fluctuations were unusually large.