Solution of an Open Problem on Probabilistic Grammars
Chaudhuri, Son Pham, García · IEEE Transactions on Computers · 1983
It has been proved that when the production probabilities of an unambiguous context-free grammar G are estimated by the relative frequencies of the corresponding productions in a sample S from the language L(G) generated by G, the expected derivation length and the expected word length of the words in L(G) are precisely equal to the mean derivation length and the mean world length of the words in the same S, respectively.