Effects of various types of speaker normalization on an automatic vowel recognition scheme
S. Sroka · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1977
This paper compares the effect of non-normalization, uniform normalization, and formant-dependent normalization on an automatic vowel recognition scheme. The data analyzed is that of Peterson and Barney [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175–184 (1952)]. Vowel identity is determined by observed formant values. Normalization is accomplished by a multiplicative transformation of a talker's formant data such that the talker's average formant frequency agrees with some reference value. The results indicate that normalization does significantly enhance vowel identification and that the linear effects account for most of the male/female differences under the model used.