On Finding and Updating Spanning Trees and Shortest Paths
Philip M. Spira, A. Pan · SIAM Journal on Computing · 1975
We consider one origin shortest path and minimum spanning tree computations in weighted graphs. We give a lower bound on the number of analytic functions of the input computed by a tree program which solves either of these problems equal to half the number of worst-case comparisons which well-known algorithms attain. We consider the work necessary to update spanning tree and shortest path solutions when the graph is altered after the computation has terminated. Optimal or near-optimal algorithms are attained for the cases considered. The most notable result is that a spanning tree solution can be updated in $O(n)$ when a new node is added to an n-node graph whose minimum spanning tree is known.