A study of embedding operations and locations for steganography in H.264 video
Andreas Neufeld, Andrew D. Ker · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2013
This work studies the fundamental building blocks for steganography in H.264 compressed video: the embedding operation and the choice of embedding locations. Our aim is to inform the design of better video steganography, a topic on which there has been relatively little publication so far. We determine the best embedding option, from a small menu of embedding operations and locations, as benchmarked by an empirical estimate of Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) for rst- and second-order features extracted from a video corpus. A highly-stable estimate of MMD can be formed because of the large sample size. The best embedding operation (so-called F5) is identical to that found by a recent study of still compressed image steganography, but in video the options for embedding location are richer: we show that the least detectable option, of those studied, is to spread payload unequally between the Luma and the two Chroma channels.