Video watermarking resistance to rotation, scaling, and translation
Xiamu Niu, Martin Schmücker, Christoph Busch · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2002
A video watermarking with robustness against rotation, scaling and translation (RST) is proposed. The watermark information is embedded into pixels along the temporal axis within a Watermark Minimum Segment (WMS). Since the RST operations for every frame along the time axis in video sequence are the same at a very short interval, the watermark information can be detected from watermarked frames in each WMS subjected to RST. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is robust against the attacks of RST, bending and shearing of frames, MPEG-2 lossy compression, color-space conversion, and frame dropping attacks.