Thevenin source resistances of the touch, transferred and step voltages of a grounding system
Yung Leonard Chow, Magdy M. A. Salama, Gligor Djogo · IEE Proceedings - Generation Transmission and Distribution · 1999
The source resistances for surface voltages (touch, transferred and step voltage) are considered. It is proved that the source resistances of the touch and transferred voltages are the same, given by the grounding resistances between the feet of a human and the grounding system. In a practical situation, however, this resistance is very close to that of the ANSI/IEEE Standard 80 that is widely accepted. The source resistance of the step voltage is simply the resistance between the two feet, not at all perturbed by the grounding system. Proofs are derived rigorously by combining the field Galerkin's moment method and basic circuit theory.