Physical modeling synthesis of recorder sound
Hiroko Shiraiwa, Kenshi Kishi, Isao Nakamura · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 2003
A time-domain simulation of the soprano baroque recorder based on the digital waveguide model (DWM) and an air reed model is introduced. The air reed model is developed upon the negative acoustic displacement model (NADM), which was proposed for the organ flue-pipe simulation [Adachi, Proc. of ISMA 1997, pp. 251–260], based on the semiempirical model by Fletcher [Fletcher and Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin, 2000)]. Two models are proposed to couple DWM and NADM. The jet amplification coefficient is remodeled for the application of NADM for the recorder, regarding the recent experimental reports [Yoshikawa and Arimoto, Proc. of ISMA 2001, pp. 309–312]. The simulation results are presented in terms of the mode transient characteristics and the spectral characteristics of the synthesized sounds. They indicate that the NADM is not sufficient to describe the realistic mode transient of the recorder, while the synthesized sounds maintained almost resemble timbre to the recorder sounds.