Geometric phase for an adiabatically evolving open quantum system
I. Kamleitner, James D. Cresser, Barry Cyril Sanders · Physical Review A · 2004
We derive a solution for a two-level system evolving adiabatically under the influence of a driving field, which includes open system effects. This solution, which is obtained by working in the representation corresponding to the eigenstates of the time-dependent Hermitian Hamiltonian, enables the dynamic and geometric phases of the evolving density matrix to be separated. The dynamic phase can be canceled in the limit of weak coupling to the environment, thereby allowing the geometric phase to be readily extracted both mathematically and operationally.