On Hodges's bivariate sign test and a test for uniformity of a circular distribution
G. K. Bhattacharyya, Richard A. Johnson · Biometrika · 1969
Ajne (1968) studied a test N for uniformity of a circular distribution. Although his problem was apparently quite different from testing about location of a bivariate distribution to which Hodges's sign test applies, the two tests are, in fact, identical. The null distribution and tables for the N test developed by Ajne in 1968 are essentially a duplication of those for Hodgea's test given earlier (1955–1962). Also it is shown that the Rayleigh test is locally most powerful invariant for the alternatives of non-uniformity on a circle generated by projecting a bivariate normal probability mass.