Linguistic and paralinguistic differences between multimodal and telephone-only dialogues in English and Japanese.
Laurel Fais, Kyung-ho Loken-Kim, Tsuyoshi Morimoto · Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E) · 1996
We report on a comparison of English and Japanese speech in goal-directed conversation in both telephone-only and multimedia environments. Factors considered are: disfluency, distribution of syntactic sentence types, deictic expressions and distribution of utterance intention types. Responses to a subjective survey of subjects' reactions to the communication modes are also discussed. Results have implications for constructing models of speaker and hearer, as well as for understanding the role of visual information in communication and for the design of a machine translation system integrated with multimedia technologies.