Motors for Aerial Navigation
J. S. Critchley · Proceedings of the Institution of Automobile Engineers · 1909
THE aeroplane motor and the motor for dirigible balloons are evidently giving motor constructors a new field for the exercise of inventive faculties, and it will be strange if some of the developments and experiments which are now being put to test in connection with such motors do not eventually effect a modification in connection with the construction of motors for automobiles.I t is interesting to see old ideas revived, such as air cooling, atmospheric inlet valves, and horizontal cylinders, and, judging by the great variety of designs, there does not yet appear to be any set fashion in connection with motors for aerial navigation, such as we see in connection with automobile motors.The study of the problem is, therefore, one of great interest.Many makers are ntilising steel cylinders and pistons.This combination alone is one of great importance to the automobile engineor, and may have far-reaching effects.The recent successes achieved, both in aerial navigation and mechanical flight, are largely due to tlie long and careful attention paid by engineers to Ihc development of a special type of motor which could suitably meet tho exigencies of aviators and aeronauts.I n order to judgo with some accuracy of the comparative merits of the various engines that are constructed for aeronautical purposes, it is necessary first to state the raquireinents this intertm ing class of prime-movers is asked to fnlfil.This may he briefly (lone as follows :-(1) The motor must be reliable.(2) I t must be able to run at full load for il comparatively long (3) It must be made light, without impairing the mechanical ORZTCHLEY.c time.strength of the single parts.made above, divide the motors into two classes : one including the engines that have been designed for airships, and the other embracing those that are more suitable €or the propulsion of flying machines and aeroplanes.At the present time, however, the difference between these two classes of motor is not distinct enough to warrant the grouping just suggested.Manufacturers as a rule assure us that their engines are equally suitable for airships and heavier than air machines.Experience has not been carried far enough yet either to condemn or to confirm this claim.However, a more suitable classing is suggested by even only a superficial examination of the various types of aerial motors now in existence.It will then be found that the realisation of the perfect lightweight engine is attempted in throe different and distinct ways, namely :- CLASS A.By retaining almost in toto the approved design of automobile motors, due regard being paid to reduction of weight, reliability, and mechanical strength.This class is by far the more numerous.It was started by Mr. Levavasseur, the builder of the famous Antoinette motors, and includes such well-known names as Renault, Wolseley, Pipe, Simms, Go bron-Brill%, Karting Brothera (the well-known gas engine firm of Hanover, Germany), Mercedes, F.I.A.T.,