A simple three-dimensional real-time reliable cellular array
Péter Gács, John H. Reif · Journal of Computer and System Sciences · 1988
We build a three-dimensional array of unreliable cellular automata that can simulate a universal Turing machine (more generally, a one-dimensional universal iterative array) reliably. This is the first reliable real-time simulation. The encoding is simple repetition, and no decoding is needed. The construction is based on Toom's work.