Offline Integrity Checking of Untrusted Storage
Dwaine Clarke, Blaise Gassend, G. Edward Suh, Marten van Dijk, Srinivas Devadas · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · 2003
We extend the offline memory correctness checking scheme presented by Blum et. al [BEG 91] to develop an offline checker that can detect attacks by active adversaries. We introduce the concept of incremental multiset hashes, and detail one example: MSet-XOR MAC, which uses a secret key, and is efficient as updating the hash costs a few hash and XOR operations. Using multiset hashes as our underlying cryptographic tool, we introduce a primitive, bag integrity checking, to explain offline integrity checking; we demonstrate how this primitive can be used to build cryptographically secure integrity checking schemes for random access memories and disks. Recent