Measuring rate of evolution in genetic programming using amino acid to synonymous substitution ratio k a /k s
Ting Hu, Wolfgang Banzhaf · 2008
We define the rate of evolution Re in a GP system based on the rate of efficient genetic variations being accepted. This definition is motivated by the measurement of amino acid to synonymous substitution ratio ka/ks in biology. Experimental applications of this rate of evolution measurement show that Re well reflects how evolution proceeds underneath fitness development and quantifies the rate of innovation through efficient genetic variations.