Using entropy for image and video authentication watermarks
Stefan Thiemert, Hichem Sahbi, Martin Steinebach · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2006
There are several scenarios where the integrity of digital images and videos has to be verified. Examples can be found in videos captured by surveillance cameras. In this paper we propose a semi-fragile watermarking scheme, which can be applied on still images as well as on digital videos. We concentrate on the protection of I-frames in compressed MPEG-1/2 videos. We use the entropy of the probability distribution of gray level values in block groups to generate a binary feature mask, which is embedded robustly into an adjacent I-frame. The approach can distinguish between content-preserving and content-changing manipulations. Positions of content-changing manipulations can be localized. We provide experimental results to analyze the effectiveness of the scheme. In the evaluation part we concentrate on the robustness against content-preserving and the sensitivity to content-changing manipulations.