Shaping a technology: American punched card systems 1880-1914
L. Heide · IEEE Annals of the History of Computing · 1997
This paper addresses the initial development of the first punched-card system in the United States in the 1880s and the construction of the next punched-card machine generation, launched in 1907. Finally, aspects of punched-card systems in the 1910s give a perspective on this history.