Im2Text and Text2Im: Associating Images and Texts for Cross-Modal Retrieval
Yashaswi Verma, C. V. Jawahar · 2014
Building bilateral semantic associations between images and texts is among the fun-damental problems in computer vision. In this paper, we study two complementary cross-modal prediction tasks: (i) predicting text(s) given an image (“Im2Text”), and (ii) predicting image(s) given a piece of text (“Text2Im”). We make no assumption on the specific form of text; i.e., it could be either a set of labels, phrases, or even captions. We pose both these tasks in a retrieval framework. For Im2Text, given a query image, our goal is to retrieve a ranked list of semantically relevant texts from an independent text-corpus (i.e., texts with no corresponding images). Similarly, for Text2Im, given a query text, we aim to retrieve a ranked list of semantically relevant images from a collection of unannotated images (i.e., images without any associated textual meta-data). We propose a novel Structural SVM based unified formulation for these two tasks. For both visual and textual data, two types of representations are investigated. These are based on: (1) unimodal probability distributions over topics learned using latent Dirich-let allocation, and (2) explicitly learned multi-modal correlations using canonical corre-lation analysis. Extensive experiments on three popular datasets (two medium and one web-scale) demonstrate that our framework gives promising results compared to existing models under various settings, thus confirming its efficacy for both the tasks. 1