The role of size normalization in vowel recognition and speaker identification
Roy D. Patterson, Toshio Irino · Proceedings of meetings on acoustics · 2013
There is size information in speech sounds because the vocal tract and the vocal cords both grow as a child develops into an adult. Specifically, average glottal pulse rate and mean formant frequency decrease as speaker size increases. Nevertheless, human speech recognition is effectively size invariant across the full range of sizes in the normal population of speakers and well beyond. It is also the case that listeners can discriminate speaker size with great accuracy; indeed, with greater accurately than they can discriminate the loudness of sound or the brightness of light. The paper describes a model of how the central auditory system transforms the auditory spectrum of a vowel sound into our perception of who is speaking and what they are saying. The model suggests that the system combines information about vocal resonator size with a small amount of contextual information to determine what the person is saying (vowel type) and how long their vocal tract is. Then it uses the glottal period information with the vocal tract length information to determine the size of the speaker and whether they are a man, woman or child.