Evolution of Advanced Learning Technologies in the 21st Century
Arthur C. Graesser · Theory Into Practice · 2013
The role of technology in education has mystified the contributors to Theory Into Practice (TIP) during its 50-year history. In the first issue of TIP, Guba (1962) Guba, E. G. 1962. The issue: Teaching machines are here to stay. Theory into Practice, 1: 1–6. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar] was confident that “teaching machines are here to stay” and would help education, but raised various practical concerns, such as costs, programming resources, and acceptance by the education communities. Howell (1968) Howell, W. 1968. Technology and the human need. Theory into Practice, 7: 152–155. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar] was confident that new technologies would change education, but not directly without educators understanding their potential and having a commitment to use them wisely. Caldwell (1980) Caldwell, R. M. 1980. Improving learning strategies with computer-based education. Theory into Practice, 19: 141–143. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar] emphasized the need to reconceptualize the use of computers in education by shifting the emphasis from mere information delivery and testing systems to facilities that assist students in meaningful active learning, inquiry, and thought.